Third Party Conflict Resolution - 2113 Words

Third Party Conflict Resolution MGT/445 Organizational Negotiations March 11, 2013 | | | | Third Party Conflict Resolution Conflict is an omnipresent facet of human existence present at every level of society. Differences in culture, norms, beliefs, wants, needs, and personality causes conflict. Throughout history people†¦show more content†¦According to the â€Å"The Free Dictionary† (2013), intervention means â€Å"to come, appear, or lie between two things† (Intervene, para. 1). As acting senior vice president of operations and chief operating, Team A must intervene to resolve the conflict. Third Party Intervention Strategies and Selection In the Seatcor case, Team is considering using a third party. â€Å"The terms third party and intermediary are both used to refer to a person or team of people who become involved in a conflict to help the disputing parties manage or resolve it† (University of Colorado, December 2, 2005, p. 1) Third parties can take the role of intermediary, consultant, facilitator, mediator, or arbitrators. â€Å"T he various forms of observed third-party intervention are distinguished primarily by the degree of power that the intervener exercises over the process and outcome of the conflict† (Fisher, April 2001-03-30, p. 1. The role of a consultant is to analyze the conflict and develop a plan to help resolve the conflict. The role of a facilitator is to arrange and manage meetings until a reasonable agreement is reached. More serious conflicts may warrant a mediator. Mediators are more involved and impose more structure to the discussion process between both parties. The goal of the mediator is to get both parties talking so each side understandsShow MoreRelatedThird-Party Conflict Resolution1824 Words   |  8 PagesThird-Party Conflict Resolution University of Phoenix MGT 445 Organizational Negotiations Instructor Andrew W. Russo, MBA May 5, 2009 Third-Party Conflict Resolution Introduction In the negotiation process, the use of third-party conflict resolutions often comes into play when parties cannot seem to reach an agreement regarding resolving mutual interests. These types of third-party conflict resolutions are: arbitration, collaboration, litigation and mediation. For the SeatcorRead MoreThird Party Mediation in Conflict Resolution3121 Words   |  13 PagesTHIRD PARTY MEDIATION IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION Introduction The contemporary international system has witnessed dramatic increases in numerous conflicts. Specifically, of the six continents in the world, not even one is immune to one form of violent conflicts or the other. Of all efforts to explain the causes of these conflicts, a growing body of research findings highlights the association between economic deprivation and conflict. (Gurr 1970; Elbadawi 1992; Collier and Hoeffler 1998; StewartRead MoreThird Party Conflict Resolution Paper1408 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Third Party Conflicts MGT 445-Organizational Negotiations Third Party Conflicts In this last week’s paper, we will study a case that has strong conflicts and we will see how we can analyze the possible intervention strategies used to solve the case. We will apply what we deem is the best plan and explain what would be the best strategy to find a solution to this conflict. We will utilize the seven stages of negotiation and see which of the five major negotiationRead MoreThird Party Conflict Resolution – Sick Leave Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesThird Party Conflict Resolution – Sick Leave The case of sick leave involved Kelly, who was hired by Soto Board of Education in Japan. Her employment was with The Japan Exchange and Teaching Program (JET) and Conference of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR) had taken over the contracts for the workers of JET. CLAIR’s role was to be a liaison during recruiting and selection, counseling and participant welfare. Their main function was to promote the exchange at the local levelRead MoreA Brief Note On Alternative Dispute Resolution And Other Forms Of Helping Professions1462 Words   |  6 PagesAlternative Dispute Resolution Conflict resolution is used in various aspects of counseling and other forms of helping professions. It is vital that conflicts between opposing parties are managed in order for progress to be achieved. By maintaining a controlled environment during the negotiation process, the two parties will often be able to come to a resolution of their differences. Sometimes it can be difficult for two parties to work together without the help of a third party to assist in the processRead MoreMajor Factors Determining Organizational Performance And Effectiveness1563 Words   |  7 Pages2004, p. 321).This can lead to conflict or a kind of tension between the organization and the employee. Mathieu and Zajac (1990) also found evidence for the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover. Yammarino and Dubinsky (1992) advocate an employee’s awareness of the immediate supervisor to be one of the major determinants of employee attitudes in the work place, including organizatio nal commitment. This can be more productively done by HR third party who is biased neither to theRead MoreDispute Resolution Processes Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesDispute Resolution Processes Wherever there is a human-interaction, conflict is virtually unpreventable. For-instance, some conflict may well erupt a dispute in any structure of relationships, and other perhaps resulting in extremely compound international confrontation and hostility. It isnt that they cant see the solution. It is that they cant see the problem (G. K. Chesterton). Consequently, dispute resolution processes have been developed to manage and intervene in these types ofRead MoreMediation For A Second Party816 Words   |  4 Pages At times conflicts between the parties become difficult to manage or resolve among themselves. More and more employers and organizations are seeking to resolve these conflicts using a third party: mediator or arbitrator, (Meade, 2000). Disputes relating to discrimination of all kinds, harassment, or strikes can be extremely costly and time consuming when litigated in court. Arbitration or mediation can be a solution to seek an effective resolution to the conflict at hand without escalating or usingRead MoreHistory Of Adr And Conflict Management Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesreview of the literature discusses the history of ADR and conflict management. Additionally, this section discusses the four principal ADR processes Mediation, Arbitration, Negotiation and Conciliation as part of the conflict resolution mechanisms . The theoretical framework and guiding theories were explored. Finally, this chapter analyses the legislative framework in both at National and International arena. 2.1.1 Alternative Dispute Resolution ADR is a generic term that refers to a wide array of practicesRead MoreConflicts And Conflict Resolution Process1671 Words   |  7 PagesConflicts are inevitable in any human s’ interaction which makes their occurrence normal in the workplace. Conflict can be caused by imbalance of power and communication barriers that arise from the social structure or individual interpersonal’ perceptions, assumptions and expectations. The interpersonal conflict has a huge impact on the individual himself and extends to the workplace. The Human Resources (HR) role comes in light to attempt to help in the conflict resolution process. Human resources

Random Acts of Kindness Helping Homeless People - 734 Words

Random Acts of Kindness: Helping Homeless People I help people every day. Some of the things I have done for people have been big things. I helped my father build a home. I helped my relatives by co-signing on a car loan. These were big things, but they were not completely selfless actions because, when I help my family, I am also helping myself. When my family does better, it puts me in a position of doing better. Also, when I help my family or close friends, I do so knowing that they would help me, too. That is not the case when I help someone who is not in a position to help me and who is unlikely to be in a situation to repay the gesture. I consider those helping opportunities to be random acts of kindness. One of the random acts of kindness that I did was to help homeless people. Homeless people are easy to ignore. They do not go to the same places that I go. When we are in the same places, most homeless people that I have seen try to shrink into the background. Even those homeless people that are begging for money seem to try to do it in a non-intrusive way. They may have a hand-painted sign asking for help, but few of them make an effort to interact with others. They know that they are viewed with suspicion. Some people think of them as a nuisance. For the most part, they are dirty, many of them are suffering from mental illnesses, and it becomes easy to lump them into a category of people, rather than viewing them as individual human beings. Therefore, when aShow MoreRelatedMisha Collins is widely known as Castiel, angel of the Lord, from the CBS and Time Warner800 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome an influence worldwide with the creation of his organization The Random Acts, G.I.S.H.W.H.E.S., and from the awards he has won as a result. Misha co-founded his organization, The Random Acts in the winter of 2009. It all started with a tweet to his â€Å"minions†, asking for a â€Å"â€Å"minion stimulus† project. The goal was to obtain US government stimulus money for non-profit initiatives† (The Random Acts, â€Å"History of Random Acts†). However, the idea was altered to become a privately organized charityRead MoreCase Reaction : I Baked A Pumpkin Pie And Brought It Into Work For My Co Workers Essay1460 Words   |  6 Pages 1. Act: I baked a pumpkin pie and brought it into work for my co-workers Reaction: I went out of the way to do something nice for my co-workers during the holidays to boost morale. They appreciated me doing this because it made their day especially during such a busy time of year for us at work. It made me feel good because I love to bake and it was great to see the smile it put on everyone’s face. 2. Act: I gave a homeless man my Reese’s candy I had just bought Reaction: I was walking outsideRead MoreEssay on Community Service1756 Words   |  8 Pagestwelve kind-hearted individuals that went on an AWOL trip to Denver, Colorado. We worked at various places including Girls Inc., Urban Farms of Denver, Boys Girls Club, visiting a home for cancer children, and even made 120 sack lunches for homeless people. Our group was able to come up with many great ideas on how to help out the organizations. The Denver group also met with one of the creators of AWOL Libby Rau. Libby was an amazing BV student who graduated last spring. She came up with theRead MoreThe Attitude of Giving in Rambam’s Obligations to the Poor Essay2052 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Obligations to the Poor† from the Mishneh Torah help us understand how we should interact with the people who are less fortunate than us. As Professor Isador Twersky has said, â€Å"Maimonides’ [treatment of tzedakah] illustrates the need for sensitivity, tact, and graciou sness in the act of charity. The formal, objective act of giving charity is deficient and defective if it is not characterized by kindness and sympathy.† This directly relates to the chapter in the Mishnah that we have been studying inRead MoreThe Roman Catholic Church2519 Words   |  11 PagesThere are always issues in the world that we have to face, they change with time but a lot of them seem to have a common theme and that is indifference. I cannot help but think that people are uncomfortable with anything that is different from the norm. Many of us are set in our ways and we quickly remove any one who threatens that. A lot of us come from a set of foundations that help create who we are. While doing research for this paper I searched for topics that interest me. I also searched forRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesCrisis for European Sports Fans? 347 Activity 6.3 The â€Å"Hot Hand† in Basketball 347 Gr aphing Calculator Explorations 351 7 Random Variables and Probability Distributions 7.1 Random Variables 358 357 7.2 Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables 361 7.3 Probability Distributions for Continuous Random Variables 367 7.4 Mean and Standard Deviation of a Random Variable 372 7.5 Binomial and Geometric Distributions 386 7.6 Normal Distributions 397 7.7 Checking for Normality and NormalizingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesChallenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to Globalization 16 †¢ Managing Workforce Diversity 18 †¢ Improving Customer Service 18 †¢ Improving People Skills 19 †¢ Stimulating Innovation and Change 20 †¢ Coping with â€Å"Temporariness† 20 †¢ Working in Networked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developin g an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ InputsRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages279 Violence and Crime in the Workplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 External Impacts on Human Resources—Legal Protections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Equal Employment Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Other Important Federal Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Affirmative Action and Comparable Worth . . . . . . . . . 285 xii Contents Sexual Harassment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Impact of Economic Factors on Engagement with Pro-Environmental Measures Free Essays

THE ENVIRONMENT Introduction: On most occasions, conservationist, and authorities bureaus tell us on the benefits of conserving the environment. This is because the universe is witnessing a series of environmental devastations, which range from devastation of woods, pollution of rivers, lakes and air. People argue that it is of import to continue the environment because they play a large function in prolonging the lives of persons. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Economic Factors on Engagement with Pro-Environmental Measures or any similar topic only for you Order Now For illustrations, trees help in the formation of rainfall, which is an indispensable demand for agribusiness to last. Forests are natural home grounds of animate beings, and on this footing, destructing woods, will intend the devastation of wild animate beings. This in bend will interrupt the environmental eco-system ( Brooks, 2010 ) . Despite the importance of conserving the environment, most people still prosecute in its devastation. The grounds advanced for their engagement in destructing the environment are, poorness, population growing, and hunt of income. This paper identifies the grounds as to why people still prosecute in the devastation of the environment, despite the of import function that the environment plays in our society. Search for beginnings of income/ gross: Search for beginnings of gross and income is one of the major factors that lead to the devastation of the environment. Take for illustration oil geographic expedition and excavation is a factor that makes people to destruct the environment ( Tisdell, 2005 ) . Oil is an of import natural resource that all most all the economic systems of the universe demand. Oil is needed to drive the transit industry, which is indispensable for the growing of a country’s economic system ( Leydesdorff, 2007 ) . Oil plays a large function in using 1000000s of people all over the universe, and states such as Saudi-Arabia, Qatar, Libya, etc depend on oil production to prolong their economic systems. This is because oil is the major beginning of foreign gross for these states ( Tachibana, 2000 ) . It is of import to denote that oil geographic expedition and excavation play a great function in the devastation of the environment. Oil has the capableness of destructing the lives of animate beings, and human existences. Take for case the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill which was responsible for leaking about 60,000 barrels of oil into the ocean ( Harper and Fletcher, 2011 ) . This had an effecting of killing sea animate beings, which included mahimahis, sea polo-necks, giants, etc. This oil spill was chiefly caused because of oil geographic expedition by BP Oil Company. The ground of these geographic expeditions was to mine oil, for commercial intents. Petroleum companies are besides accused of dumping toxic oil wastes on nearby rivers and Waterss. This has a cause of fouling the environment, and destructing the lives of Marine animate beings populating in these H2O systems ( Imanaka, 1997 ) . Petroleum companies are commercial companies, whose chief purpose is to sale oil merchandises for intents of doing net incomes, and grosss. Income net incomes and gross is non merely restricted to oil geographic expedition, but besides to the devastation of woods, and killing of wild animate beings. For illustration, people cut down trees for intents of acquiring wood. Wood is used to do lumber, a resource that is used to fabricate chairs, and edifice of houses ( Colson, 2011 ) . These are for commercial intents. The violent death of wild animate beings is besides carried out for intents of doing gaining an income, and due to poverty. For illustration, poachers normally kill elephants and rhinos for their ivories, and horns. Elephant Ivories are ever sold in Asia, and are used as beauty merchandises, and for intents of doing medical specialty. The same happens to the horns that poachers get from rhinos. Population Growth: Population growing is besides another factor that deters the preservation of the environment ( Newing, 2010 ) . Because of population growing, world has been forced to look for other topographic points of abode ( Likar, 2011 ) . This will do them to unclutter and destruct woods, as a consequence taking to the devastation of trees, and break of the eco-system. As celebrated earlier, woods are home grounds of wild animate beings, and birds. Destroying woods will take to the decease of some of these animate beings, because they may non happen other home grounds. The devastation of woods is non the lone negative environmental harm that population growing causes. Due to the high figure of people, there is the overconsumption of natural resources such as H2O, oil, nutrient, and even land ( Imanaka, 1997 ) . This consequences to doing these resources scarce. Scarcity of these environmental resources might take to unhealthy competition amongst people, in order to entree the resources under consideration. Peoples besides emit waste merchandises, because of their ingestion activities. This includes H2O, and air pollutants, toxic waste stuff, extra foods, and green house gases. Waste substances such as untreated sewerage may take to the devastation of an individual’s wellness. Other waste merchandises, such as inordinate N have an impact of doing the blooming of algals, in H2O supplies. This will take to the depletion of O, taking to the decease of marine animate beings such as fish ( Calhoun, 2005 ) . To protect the environment by restricting the growing of the environment, states such as China have adopted the one kid policy. This is whereby all twosomes are forced to bear to give birth to merely one kid. India besides has such sort of a policy, and the chief purpose of presenting these types of policy is to cut down the population growing of persons(Environmental issues. 2010 ). There has besides been some unreal method of commanding population growing, and this includes the usage of household planning methods ( Chancellor, 2009 ) . As a method of commanding the population growing in their states, authorities normally promote the usage of household planning methods. Poverty: Poverty is besides another factor that makes people to destruct the environment. In most states of the universe, specifically in the development states, there is the devastation of croping lands, dirt and woods because of over graze. These methods are ever efficient in commanding the population of a province, and therefore protecting an environment. As the growing rate of poorness additions, people destroy the environment faster, and more rapidly. The people over use the environment, such as dirt, land and woods, because they do non hold other beginnings of income, except by utilizing the natural resources under their range ( Harper and Fletcher, 2011 ) . It is of import to denote that because of poorness, the hapless will utilize the natural resources under their range for intents of fulfilling their footing demands. This will include fetching and utilizing firewood to cook, overdriving land for agricultural production, and usage of wild workss and H2O for medical specialty ( Canava ri and Food, 2002 ) . Poor people lack good and better instruction which can assist them to procure good occupations and beginnings of income. On this footing, they lack the quality of life that can do them to utilize electricity for cookery intents, or for other sectors of their domestic life ( Michna, 2010 ) . Electricity can assist in restricting the firewood concern that these people engage in. This is because persons will non depend on firewood as their beginnings of energy. To undertake poorness, the assorted authoritiess need to ordain policies aimed making employment, and bettering the instruction system of a province. The authorities can promote the usage of their trade accomplishments in assisting the hapless to gain income ( Hambler, 2004 ) . But this should happen in a mode that is suited for the saving of the environment. To cover with poorness, policies from the authorities are non sufficient. The authorities needs to spouse with private establishments and non-governmental organisations for intents of promoting them to educate people on the assorted ways of undertaking poorness ( Takeuchi, 2006 ) . This will be effectual because non-governmental organisations usually have an entree to the people, because of their grass root connexions. The hapless can be educated on the importance of continuing the environment ( Graetz, 2011 ) . This will do the hapless to hold knowledge on the benefits of the environment, doing them to utilize the natural resources under their range in a sustainable method. Decision: In decision, poorness, hunt for income, and population growing are some of the factors that encourage people non to prosecute in pro-environmental steps. As discussed in this paper, due to poverty, people will seek to unsuitably utilize the environment for intents of prolonging themselves. This includes film editing of woods for intents of acquiring lumber, over-using the land resource under their ownership, for agricultural intents, and over-grazing. However, with the usage of appropriate authorities policy, it is possible to cut down the degrees of poorness within a province. Search for income is another ground for depletion of the environment, and this usually takes the signifier of geographic expeditions and excavation. This is a really hard issue to work out, because authoritiess are ever in a quandary. That is, whether to halt the geographic expeditions or whether to go on with the geographic expeditions. Stoping the geographic expedition will intend losing a beginning of gross, while go oning with the geographic expedition will intend destructing the environment. Population growing on the other manus is easy to work out. All that a province demands to make is to make a policy restricting the figure of kids an person can give birth to. Mentions: Brooks, J. S. ( 2010 ) . Economic And Social Dimensions Of Environmental Behavior: Reconciliation Conservation And Development In Bhutan.Conservation Biology,24( 6 ) , 1499-1509. Calhoun, Y. ( 2005 ) .Conservation. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers. Canavari, M. , A ; Food, A. ( 2002 ) .Economic surveies on nutrient, agribusiness and the environment: Joint Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, Bologna, Italy, June 12- 14, 2001. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic/Plenum. Chancellor, D. ( 2009 ) .Food waste. London: Wayland. Colson, M. ( 2011 ) .The environment. Chicago, Ill. : Raintree. Environmental issues. ( 2010 ) . New Delhi: IFA Publications. Graetz, M. J. ( 2011 ) .The terminal of energy the unmaking of America ‘s environment, security, and independency. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press. Hambler, C. ( 2004 ) .Conservation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Harper, C. L. , A ; Fletcher, T. H. ( 2011 ) .Environment and society: human positions on environmental issues( Canadian ed. ) . Toronto: Pearson Canada. Imanaka, T. ( 1997 ) . Global environment. How protect and surrogate? Interaction between environment and being. Both environment and organisms support on changing.. Kagaku to Seibutsu,35( 3 ) , 178-181. Leydesdorff, L. ( 2007 ) . Environment and Planing B: Planning and Design as a diary: the interdisciplinarity of its environment and the commendation impact.Environment and Planning Bacillus: Planning and Design,34( 5 ) , 826-838. Likar, L. E. ( 2011 ) .Eco-warriors, nihilistic terrorists, and the environment. Santa Barbara, Caliph: Praeger. Michna, J. ( 2010 ) .Risk direction on energy and enviromental preservation in CCE states. New York: Heinmman. Newing, H. ( 2010 ) . Interdisciplinary preparation in environmental preservation: definitions, advancement and future waies.Environmental Conservation,37( 04 ) , 410-418. Tachibana, H. ( 2000 ) . Engineering chance for environment in 2000. Prospect of sound environment. Technological reappraisal of sound environment..Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering,29( 2 ) , 149-156. Takeuchi, K. ( 2006 ) . Hydrology uniting planetary environment and human environment. Proceedings of the Symposium on Global Environment,14, 307-307. Tisdell, C. A. ( 2005 ) .Economicss of environmental preservation( 2nd ed. ) . Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Pub.. How to cite Impact of Economic Factors on Engagement with Pro-Environmental Measures, Essay examples

Case Study On Susan Cushing Syndrome- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCase Study On Susan Cushing Syndrome. Answer: Introduction Cushing syndrome is the clinical depiction as a result of increased levels of plasma glucocorticoids. This condition is rare but most frequently occurs in adults aged 25-50. It may be Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) reliant or in other instances autonomous. ACTH dependent causes include adrenal tumors that secrete glucocorticoids, diffuse ACTH secreting tumors, micro nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal gland (90% being unilateral) and prolonged exposure to exogenous steroids in the management of autoimmune diseases including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and rheumatic arthritis. ACTH independent often involve receptor signaling and expression by adrenocortical cells a case seen in Beta adrenergic agonists, ADH, gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)and in ACTH producing anterior pituitary adenomas (70% of cases). It is also commonly associated with obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Type II and hypertension (National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service (NEMDIS), July 200 8). Presentation Individuals with Cushing syndrome present with truncal obesity, fatty buffalo shoulder, facial obesity hence the moon face appearance, poor muscle development, unproportioned arms and legs. Visible purple striae may be seen on the abdomen, arms, thighs and breasts. Women may report of infertility, irregular periods and susceptibility to fractures especially if premenopausal. In some cases, depression and anxiety disorders, hyperglycemia, fatigue and in about 85% hypertension may occur. The female-male sex based incidence ratio of Cushing syndrome due to adrenal or pituitary tumors is about 5:1. Pathophysiology Of Cushing Syndrome Extended exposure of body tissues to elevated levels of cortisol(glucocorticoid) causes Cushing syndrome. ACTH-dependent causes are mainly endogenous and include Cushings disease (60-70%), CRH-producing hypothalamic tumors and macro nodular hyperplasia. In ACTH-independent cases foundations include ectopic cortisol production by ovarian carcinomas, small cell lung carcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors resulting in high ACTH levels. Overproduction of endogenous glucocorticoids independent of ACTH is on most occasions due to adrenocortical neoplasms(adenomas). In a homeostatic body system, the hypothalamus secretes Corticotrophin releasing hormone(CRH) to the anterior pituitary which releases Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone that act on the Zona fasciculata producing cortisol from the progenitor cholesterol. The plasma reference levels are 140-700nmol/L in the morning and 80-350nmol/L at midnight (Biochemistry Reference Ranges Goodhope,2012). Cortisol functions to stimulate gluconeogenesis in fasting state, downregulates the production of interleukin-12and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha by antigen presenting cells upregulating the production of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 by the T helper cells resulting in prevention of an overactive immune response. Furthermore, cortisol antagonizes the functioning of insulin. This results insulin resistance and decreased energy dependent translocation of glucose by the GLUT-4 transporter this in the case of Cushing syndrome the hyperactivity of cortisol results in the manifestation of diabetes mellitus type II. In calcium homeostasis in bone, cortisol results in increased resorption, there is also increased potassium efflux and reduced intestinal calcium absorption. Excess of cortisol causes osteoporosis and hyperkalemia in this case (The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 15 (2): 17681). Cortisol also functions to increase the level of free amino acids through protein catabolism. It also inhibits immunoglobulins IgA and IgM, in hypercortisolism, there is evident hyperlipidemia and decreased peripheral glucose utilization as a result of liberated amino acids. There is also evident muscular atrophy, thin skin and subcutaneous tissues, scraggy thin hair and uneven fat distribution. Significant diuretic effects of cortisol occur in high cortisol levels in serum, the potassium ions are excreted and sodium retained. The salt and water retention results in the round moon face appearance seen in Cushing Syndrome The role cortisol in the CNS cannot be overlooked. In cognition it is involved the hippocampal formation on short term memory. The control of the circadian rhythm (McDonalds veterinary endocrinology and reproduction (5th ed) via control of the suprarchiasmatic nucleus. In Cushing syndrome sleep and mood disorders are common. Depression may also occur and psychologic stress exaggerated. In obese individuals there is elevated cortisol courtesy of cortisol regeneration from cortisone by hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1. Susans respiratory rate was 30 breaths per minute which is higher than the normal range of 12-20 breaths per minute, she is also hypertensive with a recorded blood pressure of 160/90 mmHg (normal range of 90/60- 120/80 mmHg). Her body temperature was at 35.0C, this is below the normal reference range of 36.5C-37.3C. There is also a reported increase in the pulse, the recorded value is 128bpm, the value is elevated off the normal range of 60-100bpm. There is subclinical pain with a score of 0/10. The urinary output is reduced to 5mls per hour (normal 30-80ml/per hour). The respiratory recovery after anesthesia is slow and there is a reflex apnea due to the compensatory mechanisms of the surgically induced hypoxia. The recovery from the respiratory depression takes elimination of carbon dioxide and reduction in the ventilation to perfusion ratios in the lungs. The post-op hypertensive state was triggered by the reflex reaction to glucocorticoid suppression. There is also marked reduction of the production of aldosterone. This mechanisms involve a secondary adrenal insufficiency resulting from the suppression of the Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA). Suppression of the renin angiotensin system and reduction of the diuretic mechanism of action of cortisol produce a resultant increase in the cardiac output thus an elevated blood pressure. Additionally, the basal body temperature is reduced, this is as a result of the suppression of the pontine temperature control centers and the recovery phase from the surgical anesthesia. Susan is also in a steroid crisis and the physiological mechanisms are sabotaged by the sudden withdrawal of he obviously high levels of cortisol. The reduction is the metabolism by these two individual triggers result in the transient hypothermia. Coupled with the hypothermic state is the increased pulse rate. This is produced as a result of tachycardia and increased nervous stimulation after the surgical pressure. The body registers a shock which culminates in the increase in the heart rate. Reduction in aldosterone and altered feedback to the HPA axis causes a reduced production of urine. There is recorded retention of sodium of potassium ions thus a hypovolemic shock. A conglomeration of all these pathological cases result in Susans post-operative presentation. Considering the presentation, Susans management involve the monitoring of all her vital signs. The values are measured and recorded two hourly. Any notable change is reported for further intervention. Electrolyte values are also taken on a frequent schedule especially in the first 48 hours after the surgery. Administer intravenous fluids and account for the fluid intake and output at regular intervals. Pain is also monitored and analgesics administered accordingly to alleviate pain. To avert any episode of hypovolemic shock or Addisonian crisis, Cortisol is administered to replace the inadequate hormonal levels. Care for the laparoscopic site, the wound is drained and cleaned using a sterile technique to reduce the risk of an infection. The indwelling urinary catheter is removed on the first day post-op and a clear liquid diet is started on the first day. Dietary progression is made on a need-basis. Psychosocial support is given to relieve anxiety. On discharge, the Susan and any appropriate family members will get an explanation and schedule on the take home medication and prescription. General health messages on the effect of the surgical procedure and physiological response to the resultant procedure. The messages include dietary management of sugar, side effects of glucocorticoid therapy and the importance of physical exercise of the overall outcome of the recovery process. Details of the next checkup are also provided for .Susan also has to report any alarming signs in the process. Interdisciplinary Heathcare Team Susans condition requires an entire team approach to effectively manage her condition. Apart from her the primary medical and nursing team the social worker, nutritionist and the health educator are involved. The integration of the entire team is required to produce an outcome sufficient to make Susans life more productive and fruitful. The medical condition will become more lucid. The social worker provides is the backbone of the familial responsibility at hand. The care of all her three children verses her income from the casual employment. She does require an extensive monetary plan and linking up to more agencies to provide financial support and education to children. On the returns from her wages, the social worker provides liaises with monetary organizations that provide saving plans and insurance policies suitable to the financial muscle Susan has. The nutritionist evaluates and provides the nutritional needs of Susan. They assist in providing a treatment plan which may include special diets, foods that help ease swallowing, dietary changes as a result of the condition and also patient and family education on nutrition topics related to Susans condition. The health educator will also be of much importance in educating Susan and his family on topics related Cushings syndrome and other general health concerns. This include causes, prevention and even treatment. Topics concerning usage of over the counter drugs can also be handled by the health educator. Others include personal hygiene and general cleanliness. Conclusion Susan is obese and presents with a typical case of Cushing syndrome, determination of her differential diagnosis is based on her presenting case of primary depression and alcoholism. The diagnostic approach to the cause of the hypercortisolism involves a 24-hr urine sample collection and assay of cortisol levels. In elevated cortisol levels, a low dose of dexamethasone (2mg/day for 2 days) is administered and on the subsequent urine collection if the cortisol is suppressed by more than 50% then it is definitive case (European Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 176, no. 5, pp. 613624, 2017). When suppression is non-evident a repeat test is done with a higher dose of 8mg /day for 2 days and as in the case there would be no suppression because the cause of ACTH suppression secondary to an adrenal tumor. The adrenal tumor is visualized via a CT Scan and as indicated a surgical plan of a right adrenalectomy is done. The procedure is done and she has due rehabilitation and integration to her s tate. References Barrett, K. E., Barman, S. M., Boitano, S., Brooks, H. (2016). Ganongs review of medical physiology. 26th edition page 364.NY: McGraw-Hill Medic Boscaro, M., Barzon, L., Fallo, F., Sonino, N. (2013). Cushing's syndrome.The Lancet,357(9258), 783-791. Chyun, Y. S., Kream, B. E., Raisz, L. G. (2015). Cortisol decreases bone formation by inhibiting periosteal cell proliferation.Endocrinology,114(2), 477-480. Lindholm, J., Juul, S., Jrgensen, J. O. L., Astrup, J., Bjerre, P., Feldt-Rasmussen, U., ... Laurberg, P. (2014). Incidence and late prognosis of Cushings syndrome: a population-based study.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism,86(1), 117-123. MARIEB, N. J., SPANGLER, S., KASHGARIAN, M., HEIMANN, A., SCHWARTZ, M. L., SCHWARTZ, P. E. (2012). Cushings syndrome secondary to ectopic cortisol production by an ovarian carcinoma.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism,57(4), 737-740. Newell-Price, J., Bertagna, X., Grossman, A. B., Nieman, L. K. (2016). Cushing's syndrome.The Lancet,367(9522), 1605-1617. Palmore, W. P., Anderson, R., Mulrow, P. J. (2013). Role of the pituitary in controlling aldosterone production .Endocrinology,86(4), 728-734. Lodish M, Stratakis CA. A genetic and molecular update on adrenocortical causes of Cushing syndrome. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2016 May;12(5):255. MARIEB, N. J., SPANGLER, S., KASHGARIAN, M., HEIMANN, A., SCHWARTZ, M. L., SCHWARTZ, P. E. (2012). Cushings syndrome secondary to ectopic cortisol production by an ovarian carcinoma.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism,57(4), 737-740. Stimson, R. H., Andersson, J., Andrew, R., Redhead, D. N., Karpe, F., Hayes, P. C., ... Walker, B. R. (2015). Cortisol release from adipose tissue by 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in humans.Diabetes,58(1), 46-53. Ushiyama, T., Suzuki, K., Kageyama, S., Fujita, K., Oki, Y., Yoshimi, T. (2014). A case of Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocortical carcinoma with recurrence 19 months after laparoscopic adrenalectomy.The Journal of urology,157(6), 2239.

How Managers Should Treat Employees

Introduction Increased productivity is a major goal for all organizations and companies. This is especially the case in the current economic environment where a lot of competitive forces exist and each business has to look for means to avoid being forced out of the market. The management of an organization is critical in ensuring that the goals of increased productivity are met.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Managers Should Treat Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Managers are the individuals who are charged with the important task of organizing the human resources of an organization to ensure growth and development (Pugh Hickson, 2007). However, these managers have to work through employees so as to accomplish organizational goals. It is therefore in the best interest of the manager to ensure that the employees are successful in their tasks. Invariably, they act in differing ways in their quest to get increase employee productivity. While some are aggressive and stern, others are caring and set out to command the respect of their employees. Each approach used by the manager has different outcomes since the manner in which managers treat their employees affects the output obtained from them. This paper will set out to demonstrate that a manager who is considerate and respectful to his employees will get higher productivity than one who engages in aggressive behavior towards his staff. The paper will also suggest leadership styles and other approaches that managers can use to increase employee productivity and therefore aid in the increased profitability of the organization. Effects of Aggression on Employees Positive effects Aggressive behavior by the manager can at times yield in improved employee performance. This is because such behavior will prompt the employees to act in a desirable manner. For example, a manager can make use of negative consequences so as to mo dify the behavior of his employees to what he/she sees as desirable. This desirable behavior will ideally result in higher productivity for the organization. Fournies (1999) reveals that punishments work since employees will be keen to decrease the frequency of the behavior that brings about the negative consequence. People who receive negative consequences become more apprehensive and are therefore more likely to avoid making future mistakes. The manager will also benefit from using punishments since other employees are less likely to engage in the behavior that brought about punishment to their co-worker.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fournies (1999) asserts that it is sometimes necessary for the manager to be strict and uncompromising with his staff. Such a stance might be necessary when the manager is fulfilling Fayol’s commanding role which is the proc ess of â€Å"maintaining activity among the personnel in order to obtain the optimum returns from the employees (Pugh Hickson, 2007, p.145). In this role, the best results are achieved if the manager is able to push his staff to work according to set schedules. The manager might find it necessary to be strict and stern so as to obtain the best results. Being stern may also be productive when the manager wishes to express the severity of a situation. Negative Effects Using punishments will decrease the frequency of the behavior that is causing the punishment (which is undesirable) to the employees. However, using punishments to modify the behavior of employees may have some negative repercussions. Fournies (1999) demonstrates that punishments may cause employees to react aggressively by holding work back, causing disruptive actions or even sabotaging work performance. These actions by the employees will be aimed at reducing performance and therefore injuring the boss or his/her rep utation. Fournies (1999) suggests that instead of using punishments to modify employee behavior, it would be more beneficial to use positive reinforcement to increase the desirable employee behavior. Managers who display aggressive, belittling and blaming behavior towards the employees under their command obtain devastating effect. Research indicates that such behavior results in increased job dissatisfaction and it might also lead to high turnover rates among employees. In addition to this, employees engage in deviance behavior which is primarily aimed at hurting the reputation of the aggressive boss. Donaldson-Feilder, Lewis and Yarker (2011) go on to reveal that aggressive behavior by managers results in a range of psychological outcomes such as anxiety, depression, burnout and somatic health complaints in the employees. Such outcomes further reduce the performance of the employees and therefore reduce the overall productivity of the organization. Effects of Considerate Treatment Genuine concern for the employees by the manager will increase the productivity of the workers significantly. Research by Kellerman (2007) demonstrated that when managers showed concern for their staff, the staff reciprocated by increased productivity. The reason for this is that all employees at some point experience levels of stress and even de-motivation as they carry out their work.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Managers Should Treat Employees specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the manager shows concern, the employees feel that he/she can identify with their circumstances. They will therefore be more willing to be guided by such a manager and work hard to achieve the set goals and objectives. Another considerate treatment that the manager can use to increase employee productivity is to show consideration for work-life balance. Employees suffer from conflicts between work and non-work respo nsibilities with such conflicts resulting in stress and burnout. Donaldson-Feilder et al. (2011) reveals that stress and overwork are increasing in prevalence among today’s workforce. Anderson et al. (2002) demonstrates that stress and burnout result in cognitive difficulties and lead to decreased performance of the employees. Work-life balance has therefore gained great significance since this stress and overwork has a negative impact on the productivity of the workers. Research indicates that provision of work-life practices has the potential of generating positive attitudes by the employees towards the manager and by extension the organization (Donaldson-Feilder et al., 2011). When employees perceive that the manager is treating them fairly, the social exchange theory explains that they will feel obliged to reciprocate by engaging in behavior that is beneficial to the manager. They will therefore be more willing to increase performance and therefore achieve set organizatio nal goals. Approaches for increasing production Managers are tasked with marshalling the organizations’ resources to accomplish some goals and it is therefore imperative that they be able to make sure that their employees have a high degree of motivation in their performance. Motivation is defined by Martocchio (2005) as â€Å"the process of arousing, directing and maintaining behavior towards a goal† (p.22). An important point to consider is that motivations should not only be restricted to monetary benefits. While it is true that money is the core motivating factor for many employees, there are other important aspects that employees look at.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Donaldson-Feilder, et al. (2011) suggests that many employees are also concerned about their professional growth. A manager who considers this will take on a mentoring role to the employee and also ensure that the employees are provided with schedules that improve and encourage growth. Managers should also engage in regular evaluations of the performance of their employees. These evaluations should be aimed at improving the productivity of individual employees. It is therefore critical for the manager to provide feedback on the evaluations to the staff. Moss and Sanchez (2004) reveal that the manner in which the manager delivers feedback determines whether it will aid or hinder improvement. While failures are bound to be observed in employees, this should be seen as learning opportunities. The manager should therefore try to capture and reveal to the employee the lesson behind any failure (Moss Sanchez, 2004). The manager should ensure that there are set performance standards which the employees should seek to achieve. Performance evaluations should then be measured by these set standards as opposed to comparing employees’ performances against each other. Donaldson-Feilder et al. (2011) note that there are times when a manager may feel overwhelmed and fail to control their negative emotions to the team. In such a situation, it is crucial for the manager to be honest and communicate with the employees what happened. Even more important is that the manager should have the capacity to take responsibility and apologize for their behavior. Apologizing for poor behavior will show employees that the manager is willing to take responsibility for his actions and it will reestablish the perceived integrity of the manager. Many performance problems are blamed on poor communication between managers and employees. Communication is critical for the success of all relationships and its prominence in organizations cannot be over emphasized. Lack of communication by ma nagers may cause low levels of morale among the staff (Fournies, 1999). This is especially the case when there are increased levels of uncertainty about what is going on in the organization. Through open and regular communication, the manager can boost the level of confidence that employees have in the organization and therefore foster positive attitudes. Most managers only talk to their employees when they are issuing instructions or when the employees have done something wrong. This makes it hard for employees to know when they have done a good job since the manager does not provide any feedback at such times. The level of engagement that employees have to the organizations is determined by communication. Kellerman (2007) demonstrates that managers who communicate to their employees on a frequent basis foster followers who are passionately committed and deeply involved in the organizational affairs. Managers should make use of motivating language so as to increase employee job sat isfaction and performance. Leadership Styles for Increasing Productivity A leadership approach that would be beneficial for increasing employee performance is transformational leadership. This style is highly favored by many Western nations and the transformational leader looks for â€Å"potential motives in followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs, and engages the full person of the follower† (Harris Nelson 2007, p.356). A manager who practices transformation leadership is able to not only steer the followers towards achieving set goals but also identify with their needs and concerns both at the job and outside. Such a manager is able to show consideration to his followers. This will require the manager to take on the role of a considerate leader that is; one who is able to show concern and respect for his followers. Donaldson-Feilder et al. (2011) articulate that this kind of leaders is able to look out for the welfare of his staff and express appreciation and support for their efforts. This leadership behavior is associated with many positive employee outcomes including: higher job satisfaction, reduced burnout and tension and most importantly, increased performance and productivity. In addition to this, research indicates that considerate behavior by managers has been consistently linked with improved employee well-being. The transactional leadership approach can also assist the manager to obtain superior results from his employees. Harris and Nelson (2007) define this form of leadership as one where the interaction between leaders and subordinates is characterized by a transactional exchange of rewards for services. The manager is about to offer rewards such as promotions, granting favors, and continued employment in exchange for continued good performance by the employee. This approach helps the manager to get the most out of employees since it clarifies to the staff what is expected of them (Harris Nelson, 2007). However, the manager should ens ure that the set goals are tangible, verifiable, and measurable. If the manager sets goals that are too aggressive, the employees will be discouraged and may therefore not even try to reach them. Creating Boundaries While it is important for the manager to establish a good relationship with the staff, it is important for work boundaries to be set. Without boundaries, the employees may fail to afford the manager the respect that is required for his/her to fulfill his managerial duties effectively. Donaldson-Feilder (2011) suggests that boundaries can be established by ensuring that employees follow protocol when they wish to bring up issues with the manager. In addition to this, the manager should be afforded the authority that comes with his position with the organization. In disputes between or among employees, the manager should act as the dispute handler. Conflicts are a reality in all environments where people are working together. Martocchio (2005) declares that while contentio us issues are bound to occur in all organizations, the way in which these conflicts are handled may influence the future success or failure of the organization. A manager who is skilled at conflict resolution will be able to reconcile fighting employees and therefore ensure that disputes do not hamper productivity. Conclusion The success of an organization depends on the productivity of its workforce. With this consideration, this paper set out to discuss how managers should treat employees so as to get more productivity from them. This paper has conclusively shown that managers who are aggressive and use punishment to try and increase performance from their employees fail. Instead, managers who establish relationships with their employees and make use of positive reinforcement are more successful in getting increased productivity. Transformational leadership and transactional leadership have been highlighted as two leadership styles that can be used to increase performance from emp loyees. The workplace is full of many stressful situations and an understanding and considerate manager will motivate his employees to increase their performance. The paper has underscored the important role that communication plays in motivating employees. By applying the approaches highlighted in this paper, the manager can increase employee performance and therefore achieve the desirable goal of increased organization productivity. References Anderson, S., Coffey, B. Byerly, R. (2002). Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work-life conflict and job-related outcomes. Journal of Management, 28(6), 787-810. Donaldson-Feilder, E., Lewis, R. Yarker, J. (2011). Preventing stress in organizations: how to develop positive managers. Boston: John Wiley Sons. Fournies, F.F. (1999). Coaching for improved work performance. NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Harris, T.E. Nelson, M. (2007). Applied organizational communication: theory and practice in a glo bal environment. London: Taylor Francis. Kellerman, B. (2007). What Every Leader needs to know About Followers. Harvard Business Review, 85(12), 84-91. Martocchio, J. J. (2005). Research in personnel and human resources management. Washington: Emerald Group Publishing. Moss, S.E. Sanchez, J.I. (2004). Are your employees avoiding you? Managerial strategies for closing the feedback gap. Academy of Management Executive, 18 (1), 34-54. Pugh, D. Hickson, J. (2007). Great writers on organization. NY: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. This research paper on How Managers Should Treat Employees was written and submitted by user Harvey Cole to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Birth Control

Womens health concerns Birth control is a way to prevent pregnancy. While there are many different types of birth control, they all fall into two different categories: barrier and hormonal. Barrier methods basically block the sperm from getting to the egg. Condoms (both male and female), diaphragms and cervical caps are all barrier methods of birth control. Hormonal methods basically change the menstrual and ovulation cycle to prevent a female from releasing an egg from her ovaries, known as ovulation. That makes it nearly impossible for a pregnancy to happen. Birth control pills (the Pill), Depo-Provera (the shot), and the birth control patch are all hormonal methods of birth control. Certain types of birth control, like Depo-Provera and The Pill, are 98 to 99 percent effective. But, only if they’re used properly. Human error is a huge factor in whether birth control works. It’s so important that manufacturers actually have two different rates of effectiveness. One is with perfect use in a laboratory, where there’s no room for mistakes. The other is the â€Å"real world† rate, which takes into account the occasional broken condom and the couple of nights you forgot your pill. Of course, the perfect use rate is always higher. Condoms are 98 percent effective at preventing pregnancy when used correctly. That drops to 86 percent with "typical" use, which means making mistakes, not using them every single time. So you have to use them right, every single time you have sex, to get that kind of pregnancy protection. Condoms protect people from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that are spread through body fluids - semen and vaginal f luids. That includes HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis. Some STIs, like herpes and genital warts, are spread through skin-to-skin contact. A condom may not cover areas of the skin that are infected, such as the scrotum, labia, or even the inside of the thigh. So condoms can’t protect aga... Free Essays on Birth Control Free Essays on Birth Control Womens health concerns Birth control is a way to prevent pregnancy. While there are many different types of birth control, they all fall into two different categories: barrier and hormonal. Barrier methods basically block the sperm from getting to the egg. Condoms (both male and female), diaphragms and cervical caps are all barrier methods of birth control. Hormonal methods basically change the menstrual and ovulation cycle to prevent a female from releasing an egg from her ovaries, known as ovulation. That makes it nearly impossible for a pregnancy to happen. Birth control pills (the Pill), Depo-Provera (the shot), and the birth control patch are all hormonal methods of birth control. Certain types of birth control, like Depo-Provera and The Pill, are 98 to 99 percent effective. But, only if they’re used properly. Human error is a huge factor in whether birth control works. It’s so important that manufacturers actually have two different rates of effectiveness. One is with perfect use in a laboratory, where there’s no room for mistakes. The other is the â€Å"real world† rate, which takes into account the occasional broken condom and the couple of nights you forgot your pill. Of course, the perfect use rate is always higher. Condoms are 98 percent effective at preventing pregnancy when used correctly. That drops to 86 percent with "typical" use, which means making mistakes, not using them every single time. So you have to use them right, every single time you have sex, to get that kind of pregnancy protection. Condoms protect people from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that are spread through body fluids - semen and vaginal f luids. That includes HIV, gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis. Some STIs, like herpes and genital warts, are spread through skin-to-skin contact. A condom may not cover areas of the skin that are infected, such as the scrotum, labia, or even the inside of the thigh. So condoms can’t protect aga...

IT Failures in History and How They Could Have Been Avoided Research Paper

IT Failures in History and How They Could Have Been Avoided - Research Paper Example Why did the companies never focus on advertising as they would have? While researching this topic, I realized that some of the products were not globally recognized. Why were the products not globally known to consumers all around the world? May be the communication was not good enough. The most important question that prevails in my mind is that why the communication networks were not used as extensively as they would have to market the high-tech products? (Flyvbjerg, 2011). From this situation of products of IT falling in the market, we can derive that there was a lack of communications all across the globe. Particularly, there is a desperate need for efficient teamwork which makes sure that the whole organization thinks the same way. Famous leaders, such as Cameron have comprehended that a mutual structure for a strong hand by the government will ensure enhanced communications. The communications process should be well recognized and well integrated all across the organization (So urcing Shangri-La, 2011). The worldwide language of end-to-end business procedure has to be holistic particularly. The whole communication process has to be well integrated within the organization so that it spends enough on advertising and promotion to let people know of the company’s products. The combination of risks, analysis, compliance, quality, and document has to well integrate in the firm. Different stakeholder groups have to be treated differently by the management of the firm to support IT processes with the businesses. Also, bolster the people through continuous improvement of the organization (Sourcing Shangri-La, 2011). These problems, issues and questions have been answered by prestigious leaders in the field of Information Technology. As described earlier, an integrated system of communications has to be used by the company. Obviously, this is not an easy task practically. Theoretically, it seems like it is clear and neat but realistically, it is not. Complete execution of communications also goes through confrontation which is beyond the normal pace of work (The TIME Magazine). It is difficult to shift the whole culture of information technology communications to welcome simplicity and new levels of accountability and visibility in the organization. But, there is an even greater reason for just adhering to things and viewing change as hazardous. It is because management wants to keep a level of control and certainty to itself which is prevalent in the cases of bigger projects. The project control cannot be lost and so all activities need to be coordinated within the organization for a much wide viewpoint. This is the prime way that huge IT failures can be avoided or eschewed and millions of dollars could be saved (The TIME Magazine). Approximately ninety percent of all SMEs close down almost two years after losing data that could never get recovered. According to the Manager Director at City Lifeline, Roger Keenan, SME’s are the ones most susceptible to data losses as six hours of downtime makes pay for a working day. It is important for SMEs to save files not only on hard drives but also on secure and protected locations which are off the site. Also, collocation data centers assist in these disasters when all the information is gone by safeguarding the servers and equipments which are

Cultural Sensitivity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural Sensitivity - Essay Example Health care disparities encompass inequalities in regards to rank, social status and age. Disparities in the health care system are closely linked to equity. There are various factors that lead to the differences among individuals. The US population is highly multi-ethnic, and it is mandatory to understand the various cultures (Diller, 10). In spite of the advancements made in the health care system, there are increasing differences in health status among Hispanics, Native Americans, African Americans, Haitians, Jamaicans and Pacific Islanders (Diller, 10). Additionally, the challenges facing the healthcare sector have increased over the years as the population becomes more ethnically diverse. The future of the health care system in the US will be influenced significantly by advancements in ethnic minorities.The composition of the US population has been changing dramatically over the years. This is true from the statistics shown by the recent studies conducted on the population. In t he past decade, there was a relative increase in ethnic groups as follows: non-Hispanic White 5.5%, African American, 16.4%, Hispanic, 65.3% and Pacific Islanders 123.5% (Diller, 11). If this development continues in the future, the number of ethnic minorities will continue rising. Statistics from the census conducted in 2000 reinforce this argument. This further emphasizes the need for cultural competency in the health care system. The table below shows the expected figures by 2042 (Diller, 11). Composition of the US population Ethnic group 2009 (%) 2050 projections (%) Native Americans 1.6 2.0 Asians 5 9 Hispanics 15 30 Non- Hispanic Whites 66 46 Source: Diller, 12 There are five key challenges facing health practitioners in ensuring cultural sensitivity. The main challenge is communication; different ethnic groups have their native languages and hence may not communicate fluently in English. This calls for the need of interpreters for various languages (Weinstein, 447). Secondly, patients from different groups are conservative and are reluctant to talk about sexual matters and other personal problems. Thirdly, there exist clinical differences among the different ethnic groups, for example, the prevalence to some diseases including hypertension and diabetes. The fourth challenge is ethics; Medical practitioners should have respect for different cultures and beliefs while handling their patients. Last but not least is the problem of trust; Patients from different ethnic groups tend to be afraid of the figures in authority and fail to trust the care givers in hospitals. The issue of cultural diversity in the health care sector is here to stay, and there are numerous solutions to the problems emanating from this diversity. Health care providers should

My Ideal Government System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

My Ideal Government System - Essay Example For example, monarchy system will lessen quarrels of its people since there is only one person ruling such as a king. There will be an ideal government system if people can just forget the disadvantages of each system. My ideal system will be the making of a system that does not have rebellion, conflict, crime, corruption and discrimination. By only then it can be called the ideal government system. An ideal government system ensures that the aspects of discrimination conflicts discrimination rebellion and crime are absent (Behrouzi 10). In discrimination, the people face prejudice due to their gender, race, or sexual orientation. An ideal government looks into these issues, and makes sure that every citizen lives a comfortable life (Behrouzi 12). An ideal government should be a democratic government that respects the ideas of citizens. All citizens regardless of race or gender should be allowed to participate in matters that concern the government. For example, the regime that allows voters to elect leaders without the presence of election anomalies is an ideal regime. Looking into the platforms of Obama and Romney; it is evident that Obama supports gay marriages thus; the government that Obama intended to form does not discriminate the gay community (Behrouzi 15). The platform respects abortion rights. The platform is in line with the Supreme Court ruling that declared abortion as a legal right. In contrast, the Romney platform abhors gay marriages. This is evident as the party platform gives the rights to states plus the federal government to decline same sex marriages. Romney’s platform supports constitutional changes that would refer the aspect of marriage as unification between a man and woman. The aspects found in Romney’s platform cannot lead to an ideal regime (Becker and Michael 23). This is because the platform discriminates gays plus lesbians and fails to respect the decision of a woman concerning abortion. Obama’s

Child Labour in India: Effects on Education

Child Labour in India: Effects on Education Growing up, I truly believed that every child had the same advantages I did: clothes, books, toys, food, a home, and most importantly, the chance to go to school. I remember the first time I realized this wasnt the case: I was seven years old, sneaking downstairs to watch Saturday morning T.V when I stumbled upon an infomercial urging people to donate on behalf of World Vision. I remember the commercial showing a little girl, approximately six years old and explaining how she went to work at a factory every day for little to no compensation. I was bewildered to say the least; I thought every child went to school. Naturally, this prompted several unanswered questions to my parents, and a general curiosity as to why there is this unequal divide between the affluent and those who are forced to work from as young as five years old. Child Labour is undoubtedly present in countries such as India. I am curious to research the implications on the life of a child worker in India- specifically the implications on said childs education. Child labour, according to Free the Children (2005), is seen as work that is done by children under the age of fifteen (fourteen in some developing countries) which restricts or damages a childs physical, emotional, intellectual, social and/or spiritual growth (Free the Children 2005). Currently, it is estimated that there are upwards of 12.6 million child workers in India today, which is the largest number of child labourers under the age of 14 in the world. (CBC 2005: 2) Through my research, I intend to show that the employment of children, though used to advance the production of goods ultimately impacts a childs ability to access education. I will argue this thesis by providing a brief history of the child labour laws in India, as well as providing a quotation by the Indian government describing the thoughts and laws concerning child labour. I intend to juxtapose this testimonial with one given by UNICEF, an international organization that is dedicated to ending child labour in t he global south. I then intend to show the impacts of child labour on developmental indicators such as education. India is currently one of the countries described in the Free the Children quotation that attempts to enforce child labour laws for children less than fourteen years of age. In 1979, the Indian Government formed the Gurupadswamy Committee; a committee that was formed in the hopes of suggesting measures to end child labour. While the Government has put forward several goals towards the end of child labour, it is recognizably a difficult endeavour. On the Indian Government Website, it states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦poverty is the root cause of child labour [and] the action plan emphasizes the need to cover these children and their familiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Ministry of Labour and Employment 2005) From this quote, it is clear that the Government of India recognizes that the amount of poverty in India is a determining factor in the amount of child labourers in the country. In a CBC article, The End is within Reach? (2005), speaks of the relationship between poverty and child labour in India, s uggesting that one cannot exist without the other. If this is the case, and if the Indian government considers reducing and eventually eliminating child labour a concern and goal, then it becomes necessary to consider the factors that lead to poverty in India before pursuing the elimination of child labour. A law enacted in 1986, based upon the recommendations of the Gurupadswamy Committee, states that children less than fourteen years of age cannot be employed in hazardous occupations. (Ministry of Labour and Employment 2005) Hazardous occupations, according the Government, refers to any work that involves unsafe activities or working conditions, and includes such activities as operating transportation vehicles, work that involves proximity to a railway line and work that involves handing toxic and hazardous substances. These are only some examples of hazardous occupations that are part of an expanding list. Since this law, several others, for example the Legislative Action Plan, a plan for enforcing Child Labour laws in India, have been enacted and are now referred to as The National Policy on Child Labour. According to the 2005 Indian Census, the National Child Labour Projects now covers 41% of the country. The Indian Government, in the attempt to enact long term legislative changes on the subject of child labour, acknowledges that these changes will take time to fully come into effect. The Government also acknowledges that the amount of poverty in India is a definite factor to this debate in that the revenue gained from the work of children is necessary income to their families welfare. UNICEF is one of the organizations, governmental and non-governmental, that has taken a strong interest into the affairs of the millions of children currently being employed in India. UNICEF sees child labour as a violation against a childs right to education. They are of the opinion that, though the Indian Government has implemented such efforts as the National Child Labour Projects- more commonly referred to as NCLP-intervention by organizations in the pursuit of partnerships with the national, as well as state governments are necessary. They believe that in order for a child to have a nurturing childhood, they need to build a protective environment in which children can live and develop according to their fundamental rights. (UNICEF 2007) .UNICEF provides three examples of intervention plans in order to provide children with fundamental rights that they see as lacking due to working from a young age. Their primary focus is to promote a childs right to basic education; second is th e implementing of community initiatives in order to empower communities to be active against child labour; and thirdly addressing [the] existing attitudes towards child labour and facilitat[ing] peoples behavioural change towards a more protective environmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Ministry of Labour and Employment 2005) Through such projects and initiatives such as the World Day against Child Labour, these groups aim to raise awareness in the hopes of ending child labour. The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines child labour as follows: the official definition of child labour asà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(1) activity which violates the minimum standards of the 1973 Minimum Age Convention, and (2) activity which is considered prohibited child labour under national law. (Simolin 2000: 942) The ILO runs the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC), which was created in 1992 with the overall goal of the progressive elimination of child labour (ILO 2008). Currently they have partnerships with several NGOs, as well as the governments of nations where child labour is prominent. With their partnerships, IPEC and their partners have operations in 88 countries, including India. They believe that child labour perpetuates poverty, and have therefore come up with several priorities to combat the worst forms of child labour (ILO 2008), such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage, as well as practices of slavery, amongst others . IPEC is also in partnership with UNICEF and assists in the annual World Day against Child Labour. In recent years another form of child labour has risen in India. Bonded Child Labour refers to the phenomenon of children working in conditions of servitude in order to pay off a debt. In India, there are an estimated fifteen million bonded child labourers, and possibly more. (Tucker 1997: 574) According to Lee Tucker, author of Child Slaves in Modern India: The Bonded Labour Problem (1997), bonded child labour occurs as a result of the Government spending less than half its budget on primary education, spending it instead on high school and secondary education institutes. As a result, India is subsidizing the maintenance of a small class of highly educated people, while simultaneously marginalizing the literacy needs of the majority. (Tucker 1997: 576) Secondly, is the lack of employment opportunities for children who have gone to school, which therefore not only makes working in the labour industry a more alluring choice, as well as a last-resort option for children and their famil ies. In this same report, author Lee Tucker also addresses the myths surrounding all areas of child labour in India, specifically that of the nimble fingers: Nimble fingers theory is applied to some of the harshest industries employing children. This includes the carpet, silk, beedi  [1]  , and silver industries. This theory asserts that children make the best product in these occupations, thanks to their small and agile fingers, which are, theoretically, better able to tie the tiny knots of wool, unravel the thread from the boiling silk cocoons, or solder tiny silver flowers to thin chains. Under this view, child labour is a production necessity. (Tucker 1997: 570) Tucker believes that this myth makes it so that more children ultimately sign up for labour positions, as children are encouraged to view their bodies are a needed commodity. This then creates a situation where more children are forced to work long-term; in an environment that can be highly exploitative, as well as emotionally and physically harsh. Another myth surrounding child labour is the need to be trained at the right age, which is usually around six or seven. This myth contends that children who go to schoolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦will either be unable to adequately learn a skill or will be at an irreparable disadvantage in comparison with those who did begin working as younger children. (Tucker, 1997: 577) By this quotation, Tucker discusses the implications behind the choice to attend school from a young age and how that decision can affect a childs schooling, and by extension literacy, as well as choosing job opportunities and that childs marketability into later life. In Child Labour and Education for All, Lorenzo Guarcello (2008) argues that when children are forced to work, it is a direct violation to their right to education. Guarcello states: Education is a key element in the prevention of child labour; at the same time, child labour is one of the main obstacles to Education For All (EFA). Understanding the interplay between education and child labour is therefore critical to achieving both EFA and child labour elimination goal. (Guarcello 2008) Guarcello continues to say that there is an overwhelming consensus among such organizations, such as UNICEF and the International Labour Organization that the single best means of stopping child labour is to improve school access and quality (Guarcello 2008) When education costs are high, families are less likely to send to send their children to school, and are more likely to pull them out of school at a young age. The costs involved in a childs education can be high for a number of reasons, such as a countrys minimal investment in primary education, living costs being too high in areas surrounding schools and the unavailability of public transportation for the majority. Additionally, school fees can be incredibly pricey, and therefore school cannot be an option for some families. Guarcello continues in his analysis of child labour and the relationship to education in reflecting on a child workers ability to attend school in countries where child labour is common. He identifies the work settings that he believes are the most detrimental to a child workers attendance (Guarcello 2008) and by extension success in the education system. Firstly are children that are solely responsible for non-economic, household duties. These children, according to Guarcello, are the least impacted in terms of school attendance, as their duties can be more flexible and less binding than economical work. Additionally, families are less likely to interfere with their childs education. The second category of working children is broken up into three groups: children that will never enter school, children who enrol late into their childhoods and those who are forced to leave school early. Children who are never enrolled in primary school are the worst off, says Guarcello, as they are de nied the benefit of formal education altogether, and therefore constitutes a particular policy priority (Guarcello 2008). The Third and final category of child workers are those that attend classes irregularly. Though these groups differ in terms of how much school is actually missed, Guarcello believes that the lack of schooling is ultimately a determent to the learning of a child, as a working child is less likely to learn at school due to the irregularity and lack of repetition that comes from attending class on a daily basis. Furthermore, child labour does not only affect a childs ability to getting to school, but also their ability to absorb material, thereby learning effectively, while at school. To sum up his findings, Guarcello states that his findings supported the notion that child labour, both economic work, as well as household duties is a detriment to a childs education, and suggests that more work should be done to integrate more child workers into the education system . In addition to putting a greater effort into incorporating more child workers into the education systems, some scholars believe that more work needs to be done in western nations if child labour should be eliminated. In Buying out Child Labour, Stà ©phanie Pallage and Christian Zimmermann (2007) discuss their views concerning child labour. Through economical calculations, these authors suggest that countries that trade with the West ultimately have a high comparative advantage in the production of goods if they choose to pay children minimal compensation. Due to the low cost of employing children, the product efficiency is high because these companies can sell these goods at a cheap rate and at the same time, pay their workers close to nothing. A solution, according to these authors, is for countries, such as India, to shift a portion of their GDP to reinvest into their own economy as well as education sectors, and to slowly attempt at distancing themselves from trading nations. In conclusion, the material that I reviewed largely supports the notion that that child labour, in terms of both economic work, as well as household duties serves largely as a detriment to a childs education. Child labour does not only affect a childs ability to getting to school, but also their ability to absorb material, thereby learning effectively. Moreover, families who are in an economic state where they require their children to work are less likely to afford the necessary costs involved in a childs education such as transportation, a uniform, supplies, as well as tuition. However, the impacts of going to school versus a childs work involvement remained largely unanswered in the literature I reviewed. More research needs to be done in this field in order for any solution to be successful. Additionally, more programs that integrate child workers into education systems should arise in India in order for current child workers to have the opportunity for literacy. Although the Indian Government has successfully enacted laws, such as The National Child Labour Projects to protect their minors from hazardous working environments, more time is needed in order for these laws to be enforced to serve the entire country. The partnerships between the state and such organizations as UNICEF and IPEC, through their mission to end child labour, should continue to work closely in order to enable more children the opportunity for an education. However, if these missions are to be successful, they should ensure the proper research as to Indias reasoning for employing child workers and understanding the broader implications behind the need for child workers before suggesting such solutions. As for the more economic solutions, being the reinvestment of GDP into national markets and distancing from international trading nations; I believe that more time, as well as more planning is needed before cutting off all economic ties with the international corporations, as the disruptions could easily provide huge detriments to Indias economic sector. Perhaps India could begin with reinvesting more into primary education, while remaining an international trading nation, and slowly progress to becoming economically independent. In terms of initiatives intended to raise awareness, such as the World Day against Child Labour, there needs to be included the same research into Indias reasoning for employing children stated clearly on the websites of organizations, rather than just a statement that it is simply a cruel practice against children going against childs rights. If awareness in western citizens is the goal of these initiatives, then a more inclusive report on child labour in India is needed in order for the issue to be fully understood.

The History of Ballooning :: Historical Balloon Hot Air Essays

The History of Ballooning It all started in 1783, when two brothers conceived the idea of human flight with smoke. Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier came from a family of paper-makers in Annonay, France. They tried to capture smoke from the fireplace in a paper bag, and soon found that it rose. It soon became obvious to them that when the smoke cooled down, the sack would fall. They created the first real balloon in 1783. "It was 35 ft in diameter and had a capacity of 23,000 cubic ft, and it was made of linen lined paper" (Fraser). These brothers had impeccable will and continued working with unbelievable progress. Within a few short weeks they released a balloon to 6,000ft, and it traveled for 2 miles. The world was becoming aware of these tests and everyone was catching "balloon fever." Within the same time frame, two brothers by the name of Robert acquired the help of a noted physicist named JAC Charles. The Robert brothers coated the silk balloons with rubber in order to prevent the leakage of gas (Josephy). Charles had large hopes for applying his idea of using hydrogen to float these balloons. Charles later became very famous for his ideas and test flights in which silk balloons filled with hydrogen released from iron filings would be called charlieres (Fraser). This seemed to be a much more technical idea since logic would tell us that a gas that was 18 times lighter than air, should indeed rise, especially when the Montgolfier's have already discovered that hot air rises. By this time everyone was impressed, including Benjamin Franklin(who was an American Statesman living in Paris at the time) and the King of France (Fraser). Franklin, who had already done his kite experimen ts, was especially astounded. Now it was time for the Montgolfiers to regain their fame. The third balloon carried the first living things in a basket, which was attached to the bottom. The basket carried a lamb, rooster, and duck, and they all landed safely (Fraser). After this, the King's historian felt that it was time for a human to fly, and felt that there was no better person than he. So, on October 15, 1783, De Rozier became the first aeronaut, and he landed safely after a four-hour flight (Fraser). Things were progressing quickly, and the first actual voyage occurred on November 21, 1783 with De Rozier and a man named Marquis D'Arlandes (Fraser).